R&D and Innovation and Economic Growth (or de-growth / ESG) Principles

Explore the size, trends, and dynamics of the R&D and innovation market across Ireland, the UK, and Canada, including investment levels, tax incentives, and innovation growth drivers.

Learn who performs research and experimental development (R&D) in companies, what qualifies as R&D, and how innovation occurs across technical, operational, and commercial teams.

Learn how the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) scale measures technology maturity, supports innovation management, and helps organisations reduce risk and guide R&D investment.

Learn the key criteria that determine whether an activity qualifies as research and development (R&D), including technological uncertainty, advancement, experimentation, and systematic investigation.